Flying-machine



G. H. LOCUSON.

FLYING "MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-30. 1917 13873501. Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

- 4- SHEETS-SHEET L INVENTOR Gen/ye HZIaZfuafazz,

ATTORNEYS G. H. LOCUSON.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION HLED Aue.3o. I917;

Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- INVENTOR 6 f/ Zacrusom wrhvsss ATTORNEYS G. H. LOCUSON.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUGIBO. L917. 1 1,387,501 PatentedAug. 16, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- :76 I4 '36 2 J5 go 7 71 7 7a 0 "in I Q 63 I 1 3a "36 3a a 20 3]. Q 1 37 o 6 5a a I 41 63 INVENTOR I George Zaa'uaazz.

ATTORNEYS G. H. LOCUSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLlCATION man AUG-30, 1911.

Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

4 sums-suit 4.

INVENTOR WITNESS ATTORNEYS GEORGE E. noonsomor PHILADEL HIA, iPENNS-YLWANH.

ToaZZ whom it ma f co'neem'f' Be it know that 1, "Gretna H; Ljo'on'SoN, a citizen cf theUnited tates, and aresidei'it of the city o fPhiladelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of'Pennsylvanimhave invented certain new lowingis a specification, reierenc'ebeing'had to the accompanying drawings.

the heavier-th'aii air "type, and among-the principal objects of the invention are' toprovide a flying machine adapt-ed :Eorvertical ascension from the {ground and comprisingmeans effective both' to f elevate the flyi'ng machine in a vertical directionas aforesaid,

and, when. "desired, to propel the machine forwardly, or "to check its forward motion,

meanwhile maintaining the machine at the desired height above ftheearth. 1

Further objects of my 'inventionfare to provide'a flying machine comprising apliirali'ty of wings 'or planes arrangedfor revolution in planes normal to the 'lo'ngiti dinah axis of the frame of the machine andi-n opposite direct-ions Withrespect' thereto, 'and embodying means whereby the path of revolutionot the respective wings or sets of Wings may be 'vari'ed fas desired to thereby control the power 'efi'eotively exerted by the wings to lift the machine vertically.

""F'iirth er ebj ects of my invention are to provide a flying machine having wings and wing controlling means of the aforesaid nature, in

which the wings are so arrangedthat coin- Fig. 3; Fig. 8, a fragmentary plan view 'pan tially in central section showing a portion "of the Wing adjusting operating mechanism plete inversion otea'oh wing about its individual axis of'moveinentduring t'he're volution of the wing-"carrying arms is not effected, thus permitting the "employment "of a Wing 01": concave transverse section whereby the efi'iciencyrof the w ing both as a lifting and *as a driving medinni, is increased over that attained by the employment ofa flat wing. p I

A still lii'rther-ob ect oif-my invention is to provide in a flying machine having 'tlfp'lllraility of revoluble wings, means for simultaneously effecting inclination of the individual Wings whilfeqin motion to thereby render Ward movement-as desired.

Still further objects of my invention are to provide in a flying machine a novel form of rudder efieotive to guide the machine-both o in horizontal and vertical 'direotions,rwhich Application filed si n e, "1917. serial in is's;s94.

and usefiil ilmp'ro'vements in Flying-Machines, of which the fo1--' My invention relates to flying machines 01?" toIFig}. 2 but taken on line illustrating the action of the said wings effective to propel the fly-l ing machineforwardly-or to 'checkits formembers 1,. side members 2, "2

v Specification of Letters Patent. Pafl nt ed- Auig 161,

is of simple construction and easily contro'lledby the operator of the machine. t

My invention fi'irt'herinc'ludes all oi the "other various novel objects and features of const'ruc-tion' and arrangement hereinafter more definitely specified and described;

I shall now proceed to describe one ein-- bod'in1e nt of my 'l Ilvelltldii whlch 1S illus- V trat'ed incer'tai'n instances inoreor less diagrammatically, in the" aceonipanyin'g draw- 'ings, but I do -not desire or intend to'thereb limit myself specifically t'o such embodicment, as I may employ any suitable means sand instrumentalities othe'r than those shown in the drawings and hereinafter described, which are suitable for of my invention.

' In the "accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is'a top plan view 'of a flying machine e onstrii-cted' in accordanee with one form of my invention; Fig. '2, a transverse iver tical sect'ion thereof taken on line 2-'2 in Figg l,

"certain of theroiitiolling mechanism being omitted for the sake of v "cle'a'rness; Fig. 3, an enlarged fragmentary view of one or" the view 'of one of the wings shown in Fig. 3;, F g. 5, a fragmentary view showing an (and elevation thereof; 6

when the machine in operation under certain conditions; Fig. a fragmentary view -looking in the fdirection'of the line 7 j7 in in detail :F in 9, a view siibstantially 'siinilar 9-9 in Fig; 1, wings in a ditferent operative position; 10, a fragmentaryfdetail' view side elevation showing the rudder and'a poi-tio n of its controlling rineehanism; 'andFig. 1 1, a 'lfragme'ntary effecting the objects .wingnnits looking toward the front of the machine; Fig. 4, a fragmentary top plan a similar View 'iliistrating various positions which may be assumed by a wing cross-sectional view on linell-ll in F igl l.

Rei'erring now to the drawings, the form of the invention shown therein jc'onipi'ises: a preferably siibstantial'ly triangularfrlongia tudinally extending frame having cross braced and connected together, from which,

tending and converging members 3; 3"a'nd suitably 4, 4- projectfWhieh serve adjacent their a points of intersection to support suitable bearings carrying the wing driving shafts 6, 6 which extend longitudinally on each side of the frame and serve to effect the rotation of the wings as hereinafter described. The frame may be supported on suitable wheels 8 so that it may be easily moved about when. restingon the ground, and for furnishing the power to operate the machine a suitable motor or engine 10 is mounted on the frame, preferably substantially midway connect the motor from the gearing when desired. j

It will be understood that the power generated by the motor is utilized to'actuate a plurality wing units .each consisting preferably of three separate wings, the units being respectively oppositely disposed in pairs transversely of the frame, means beingprovided to alter the path of rotation of the wings in each individual unit to thereby modify the lifting force exerted by the wings, as well as means to vary the angle of inclination ofeach individual wing in each unit tothereby render the wings effective to drive the machine ahead while simultaneously maintaining it in the air, or to retard the forward progress of the machine in the air, as desired. I i o It will be further understood that each of the wing units is substantially similar in construction and operation to all of the other units, and that any desired number of pairs of units may be utilized in the construction of the machine, the form of machine shown comprising two pairs located adjacent opposite ends of the frame and respectively in frontof and behind the motor. I shall now proceed to described the construction and' operation of one of the wing units, which de-- s'cription Wlll, of course, apply equallywell to all of the other units" the corresponding parts of which are "designated by similar numbers in the drawings with the exception that those numbers referring to elements 011 the left hand side of the machine, looking toward its front end, are differentiated from the numbers for corresponding elements on the right hand side of the machine by the addition of a prime Each unit comprises three pairs of arms 20 and 21 extending radially outward from the driving shaft 6 and operatively rigidly fixed thereto, the arms being equi-distantlv spaced about the shaft and the outer end of arm 21 being forked, so that it forms a Y.

when viewed as in Fig. 3. Positioned between each pair of arms and rigidly attached to a. shaft 25 is a wing 27 formed of any suitable material and which may preferably be substantially elliptical in planular outline, the wing being preferably concave on its under, and convex upon its upper side and thereby effective to exert a maximum lifting power as hereinafter described. The

- forward end of the shaft 25 is carried in a suitable bushing 26 rigidly positioned on the adjacent arm 20,"a universal joint 28 being interposed in 'the shaft between the wing and the bushing. Acrank 30 ismount- I ed on the shaft and connected by a link 31 with one arm of another crank 32, the other arm of which extends through a suitable bearing in the arm 20 and carries adjacent its forward extremity a gear 35, which meshes with a second gear 36 rotatably mounted on a stud projecting from arm 20,

37, which has the samenurnber of teeth'as the gear 35 and is carried by a sleeve 38 suri which gear, in turn, meshes with a third gear provided with a radial extending crank a0.

This crank, in turn, is connected by link 41 with another crank 42 mounted. on a shaft lfiivextending longitudinally of the machine and'arranged for manualrotation by the operator of the machine in any suitable manner, as, for example, and as shown in the drawings, by a chain 44 passing over a sprocket 45 on the shaft and another sprocket 46 on a'small stub shaftextending longit'udinallyofhthe machine and controlled by a hand wheel f? adjacent the 'operators seat,

substantially similar controlling means being arranged to actuate the shaft 43, so that by rotation of the hand wheel the operator may simultaneously actuate shafts 43 and 43 but in opposite directions, and thereby swingcranks 40 and 40' inwardly or outwardly to correspondingly turn gears 37, 375 for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

The rear end of each shaft 25 is provided with a double fork said fork being free to rotate relative to saidshaft 25 and adapted to engage a curved guide bar 50 supported between the ends of the forked portion of arm 21, the'radius of curvature of the bar being substantially equal to the distance between the bar and the center of the universal" joint 28. i I y Suit-able means are provided for positioning each shaft 25 in any desired position with'respect to its guide-bar to correspondingly effect the raising or lowering of the rear edge of the wlng and to maintain the shaft in such desired position, which may vary from one in which the shaft isintermediate of the ends of the guide-bar to one in which it isadjacent either end thereof as bestshown in Figs. 5-and 6. 1 Such means may preferably consist ofi'a screw 53supshaft 63 extending parallel to and supported upon the main portion of arm 21 ;and. carry ing at its opposite end a bevel pinion 65 as best shown in Figs. 4 and8. Screw 53 is provided with a nut 70, carrying a forked arm 71' which engages the guide-bar50 be? tween the forks on the end of shaft 25 in such manner that the rotation :of screw 53 and consequent movement of the :nut'thereon, will cause the arm 71 to carry the forked enduof shaft-25 along the guide-bar and thereby movethe shaft from a position equidistant from the ends of the guide-bar as shown in Fig. 5, to a positionadj acent either end thereof, as shown in Fig; i6,.-orto any intermediate position,

Suitable means are provided for effecting, when desired, the simultaneous rotation of allof the pinions 65 65. in either direction as well as for holding the pinions stationary," such means, best shown in Fig. 8, preferably consisting of a paircof-bevel gears 80 and 81 surrounding the wing driving shafts adjacent each wing unitand in constant: en- I gagement with the three adjacent pinions 65 or 65 as the case may be,cwhich bodily revolve with frame 21, in combination with means whereby both gears 80 and 81 may be permitted to revolve loosely,-'or be alternately held in fixed position. suitable means may be provided for accom- 45 While any plishing th-isresult, theigears may preferably be mounted on a sleeve-83--surrounding' the wing driving shaft and'reduce in di ameter' adjacent its center to provide shoulders 84 against which the gears abut and are thereby maintained in constant engagej ment with the pinions. f One end of the sleeve abuts against the arms 21' andthe 7 other extends through, and is fixedly secured to, the frame member 3, as bya set screw 85 and for convenience in -assembling,;the sleeve may bemade in two parts, as shown, connected together by a collar 86-remov- J ably attached, as by screws 87 to both members of the sleeve, thereby operatively -uuiting them. Suitable clutches 'are provided for alternately engaging the gears to hold them in fixed relation with the sleeve, consisting, conveniently, of cones 90' and "91 arranged respectively to engage in recesses the euter'faces of the gears and actuated the machine, both horizontally and sleeve, one

'ofthesleeve andcarries an integral tomember 92ras by screws 96, in suchmannerthat the cones'are separated for. a disgag byla member 92 extending through a suit- ,able groove or grooves 93 in the end. of which-projects beyond the outer eX- treinity lug 95; The cones are operatively' secured tance greater than. the distance between the portions ofgthe :gears which they are vrespectively";adaptedlto :engage, so that with gear to'holdthe same in fixed relation with opposite direction being effective to similarly with respect'to the shaft. It willthus be eyidentthat .ifeith er :gear be held stationary by the operation of its respective clutch durzm'ember 92 in intermediate position neither cone will-engage its gear, while longitudinal movement of the member will force either-of the cones into engagement with its adjacent I the sleeve, movement of the memberin'the .position the other gear and to disengage the 'first-mentloned gear to permit :ltS IOtiltlOIl ing rotation of arms 20 and 21, the pinions .65 will be simultaneously caused to rotate,

screws 53 in the adjacent thereby actuating or lower the rear edges of wing unit to raise the wings, depending upon the direction of l0t1.tl'011: of pinion 65, and that if both cones are disengaged from their'respective gears, 7

the .latter are free to be carried around on sleeve- 83Jwith p1n1ons'65 without causing -any axial rotationbi" the latter and conse 'quent motion of screws 53, the nuts 70 being niaintained on the Eserews in the positions inwhich they were at g the instant the cones were disengaged.

'Inorder to effect the simultaneous ylar adjustment-of all of the wings of the machine when-desired by the operator, each of the members 92 is pivotally connected with a lever.=1 00,1conveniently fulcrum'ed to the adi acent frame member ofithe machine, the lower ends of the levers from eachxpairof oppositely disposed wing units being connected by a transversely" extending cross bar 101, all of which. bars are n turndconnecte'd together by a longitudina l'l y extending draw barzlOQ controlled by a hand'l'ever {03. adjacent the operators seat so thatqby suitable' actuation of this lever.

all of the clutches may be simultaneously operated to permit the rotation of the variouspinions 165 or to prevent their rotation and in, turn effect the angular adj ustment of the wings or maintain any given ad ustment thereof as may desired. If desired, however, any. other suitable method of operating 'sirnultaneouslvmay be employed:

For controlling-the d' 'ection -of flight of also to certain extent' vertically, the machine is provided, preferably"adjacent its front end,

- with .a rudder. 125 preferably consisting of 3 and extending I downwardly and .inwardly toward the body the various clutches "eitherseparately or: f

be supported between a pair of forwardly and upwardly extending arms 128 rigidly secured to a cross member 129 adjacent the forward end of the machine, and is preferably suspended at its forward end by a horizontally disposed yoke 130 secured to the rudder and having a pair of eyes engaging a curved horizontally positioned guide-bar 131 rigidly secured to the outer extremities of members 128, and at its rear end by a substantially similar yoke 183 positioned at right angles to the first-mentioned yoke and engaging an inwardly curved guide-bar 134 extending vertically from the upper part of the main frame to the cross member 129.

For the purpose of effecting the movement of the rudder in a horizontal plane, a cable 1136 is led from one side of yoke 130 rearwardly over suitable pulleys or sheaves and about a drum 138, controlled by hand 'wheel 140 adjacent the operators seat, and

thence around other sheaves at the'opposite side of the machine and forwardly to the other side of yoke 130, so that-revolution of the hand wheel will serve tomove the forward end'of the rudder transversely in either direction when desired, to corresspondingly direct the course of the machine. in a substantially similar manner a cable may be arranged to control the vertical position of the rear end of the rudder, as best shown in Fig. 10 the cable 145 passing up: wardly from yoke 133, over suitablyv positioned sheaves and thence to and about'a conveniently positioned drum .147 controlled by a hand wheel 148, fromwhich the cable is led back over other suitably positioned sheaves to the under side of yoke 133, so that revolution of the hand-wheel 138 will result in corresponding movement of the rear end of the rudder, and consequent change in the course of the machine in a vertical plane, the arrangement being such that the operator may by manipulation of the hand wheels readily control both the course of the machine from rightto left and vice versa, as well as direct it upwardly course, other suitable means than those illustrated may be employed for controlling the rudder if desired, or the said means may be suitably modified in minor particulars. \Vith the parts constructed and assembled preferably substantially as hereinbefore described, the operation of the machine 1 may be briefly describedas follows; Presuming the machine to be resting upon the ground upon its supporting wheels 8, the machine may be caused to rise vertically by starting the motor and by manipulation of 6" to rotate to'cause the revolution of the wings in opposite directions. It will be understood that in order to derive the maximum lifting power from the wings, the

cranks 4:0 will be set in such a position that gears 37 willlassume substantially the posi tion shown in Fig. 2 in which the wings are operative to, exert the greatest downward pressure, being horizontal at the center of 7 5 their downward sweep and quickly turned from that position to. move substantially vertically upward, thereby cutting through, as distinguished from pressing facewardly on the air, on the upward sweep, known in the art as feathering. After the machine has risen substantially verticallyto the desired height, suitable manipulation of cranks 410,.and consequent rotation ofgears 37, w1ll be effective to changethe position of the sev- .85

'eral cranks 32 with respect to the arms 20, and in turn modifythe relative position of any given wing at any given point in its cycle of revolution, and thus change thefeathering actionwhichtakes place, so that, for example, insteadof the wings consecutively assumingthe various positions shownzprincipally in dotted lines in Fig. 2, (in which consecutive positions of the wings and adjacent cranks and links are diagrammatically indicated) and in which they are effective to exert a maximum lifting/power, they may be caused to consecutively assume the positions similarly shown in Fig. 9, in which positionsthe liftinglOO I power of the wings,- as clearly shown, is materiallymodified, each wing in its downward sweep being less effective to exert a maximum lifting power and in its upward sweep, exerting a greater resistance upon the air. In consequence, if the wings, positionedv as shown in Fig. 2, are effective when revolved at a given speed, to raisethe machine vertically to a desired height, they will, whenrotated at the same speed,- be-ef- 1,10 fective to maintain the machine at substantially the same height, when their' -lifting power'is suitably modified by manipulation "of the cranks 4E0 and consequent change in the relative position of gears 37 and cranks 32. Of course, it will'be understood that the path of the wingsshown in Fig. 9 is or downwardly, as may be desired. Of

merely illustrative of one of a number of j paths they may be H caused to traverse,

other than the path of substantially maximum efiiciency shown in Fig. 2, the variation from the latter path being determined by the positioning of gears 37 with respect to shafts 6, 6, as controlled by the position of cranks 4:0. j v It will be understood that during the period in which the machine is rising from the ground and also when it is desired to maintain it in a substantially constant posi tion after reaching the desired height, the 130 beveled gears 84: will be free to revolve'upon mechanism, by means of which the rear edges of the individual wings are raised or lowered as desired, isso manipulated as to causethe'nuts 7 O to remain substantially at an intermediate position between the ends of their respective screws. In other words, prior to setting the wings in motion toraise the machine, the levers 100 are so positioned by means of their controlling mechanism thatall of the clutches 90 and 91 will be thrown out of engagement with their respective gears (it being assumed that the nuts 70 are already-positioned substantially midway between the ends of their respec tive screws) so that when the arms '20 are revolved by their adjacent wing drive shafts to revolve the wings about the latter, the

the sleeves 83 so that no axial motion will be communicated to the several shafts 63. When, however, it is desired to cause the machine to move forward in the air, either while it is rising or afterit has attained a desired height and the path of the wings as hitherto described hasbeenmodified'so as to maintain it substantially atfthat height, the levers 100 are actuated in such manner as to cause one of thebeveled gears 84: to be engaged by its respective clutch in such manner that the gear will beheld stationary with respect to its sleeve 83. As the arms 20 are continuously revolving'and carrying around with them the shafts 63,

the holding of'the gear infixed position with respect to the sleeve will immediately cause the adjacent pi'nions65 to rotate,

thereby driving the shafts 63 and 60, and a through the medium of beveled gears 58 and 59 the screw 53, thereby moving the nuts along the screws to'elevate the rear edges of the respective wings in {which position the wings will 'be effective to drive themachine' ahead as wellv as to simultaneously It will be further understood that" the amount of' forward driving power-exertedby the wings will be proportional to the amount of elevation given to'their rear edges, a greater elevation, that is, a greater movement of the nuts 7 0 along their respective screws in the proper direction to elevate the edges'of the wings, resulting-in a greater forward drivin power. a

imilarly, the machine may be readily checked in its forward course by so manipulating the levers 100 that the rear edgesof the wings will be depressed and thus render the wings -efr"ective to,exert a poweriin oppositionfto the forward motion of the machine and thereby bring it again'tosubstantially a positionof rest in 'the air. It will of course be understood that in the principal operation of the machine themeans for causing the modification of the.

paths of the Wings from-that in which they with exert their maximum power as shown in Flg. 2 to another path 1n which such power j is modified, and the means .for elevating or depressing the rear edges of the wings to induce orcheck a forward movement ofthe machine in the air, must to a-gleater or less extent be operated in conjunction with each other depending largely .upon the conditions encountered, as for example if the rear edges of thewings are elevated and a may be continuously controlled b'ysuitable operation of the rudder by means of the hand wheels 140 and 148, or the other controlling mechanism supplied, it being possible to both movethe forward end of the rudder horizontally to similarly direct the course of the machine and also to move the rear end of the rud'dervertically si multaneously rif-desired,thus turning the machine to the right and" left and also directing it up or down at the same time, or

at different times conformable to the will of the operator. Y i

Furthermore, while I have illustrated a machine embodying two pairs of oppositely disposed wing units, I do notthereby desire or intend to limit myself solely to the machine'so constructed, as any desired number of pairs ofwing units may be employed, and while I have herein'described and illustrated one embodiment :of my invention with considerable particularity, I do not thereby desire or intend to limit myself specifically to that form of invention, as various modifications and changes may-be made therein as desiredv without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim and protect by LettersPatent ofthe United Statesis: r

1, In a flying machine, the combination a amain framework, a plurality of sets of rotatable wing supporting units carried by said frame, concave wings located, on-

said supporting units and manually con- 7 trolled automatlcally operating means to feather said wings during the non-working portion of their path of revolution without reversing the position of the individual wings with respect to their respective axes of rotation, the concave sides of the wings facing downwardly during the working portion of their path of revolution. I i 2. In a flying machine, the combination on their downward working movement to avertical position on thei-rupward non-work,-

ing movement and back to ahorizontal p0 sition at the end of their cycle.

3. In a flying machine, the combination of a main supporting frame, a'pairof oppositely inclined supporting struts on said frame, a pair of oppositely rotatable wing carrying units on said incl-inedsu-pports, a plurality of wings carried by said unitshaving a concave surface on one-oftheirrfaces adapted to be movedagainst theta-1r during the downward working movementflof said wings and manually. controlled and autoe matical-ly: operated means to automatically feather the wings during the vertical nonworking upward mmrementof the same.

4;. In a flying machine, the combination of a plurality of oppositely disposed frames, rotatable wing. carrying units carried by said frames, means for rotating the same, a plurality of wings carried by said units, mean-s operatively' associated with the rotating means to automatically feather said wings during a. substantial portion of the verticalmovement of said wings upwardly and move said wings to a, horizontal position during a portion of the downward working movement of the same without reversing the individual wings with: respect to their respective axes of rotation and manually controlled means to simultaneously change the action of the automatic feathering means for each of the sets of wings on the rotatable wing carrying units.

5; In a flying machine, the combination of a frame for supporting the mechanism, a plurality of oppositely disposed rotatable wing supports, a plurality of wings carried by said supports, means to rotate said supports, automatic means for feathering the wings during thelr path of revolution and manually controlled means for maintaining the axis of the individual wings parallel to or inclined to the axis of revolution of said wings tothereby control the flight of the machine in an upward or forward direction.

6. In a flying machine, the combination of a lifting, sustaining and propelling mechanism comprising a plurality of oppositely disposed rotatable units, wings carried by said units and adapted to rotate therewith, the opposed sets of wings moving in opposite wings during a portion of their path of revdirections, automatically operating mechanism for feathering the individualf to said main frame, a pluralityofgears loolution, means for manually simultaneously adjusting the wings about their respective axes to efiect the operation of said automatic feathering means and for effecting an inclination of the individual wings to propel the machine substantially horizontally while being lifted or sustained in air.

7.,ln a flying machine, the combination of a lifting, sustaining and propelling mechanism comprising a plurality, of oppositely disposed.- rotatable wing carrying units, wings carried by saidunits, means to rotate said units,- automatically operating means forfeathering the wings durin-g their path of, revolution and meansto simultaneously control the position of" the individual; wings on the, oppositely disposed carryingmeans so that the axis of the wings may be maintained either; parallel to; or, inclined. to the axis-about which; the wings bodilyrevolve. 8.'In -a flying machine, the combination of a; frame for supporting the mechanism, a plurality of oppositelydisposed rotatable wing; supports, positionecbon opposite portions of said frame,;wingslocatedon said supports, meanscarried by themai'n frame torotate said supports in opposite directions, manually controlled means, actuated by said isupportlrotating means fo 1' inclining the axis of the individualwings at, an angle to the axis around which said wingsibodiliy' revolvei s V Y c 9. In a flyimg machme, the combrnatron of a main supporting frame, a'set of oppo-' sitely rotatable wing carrying units on said frame, a plurality of wings carried on said units',,means to rotate said units and means to change-the angle of;inclination of said wings relative tothe axis of rotation of said units, includmg a gear; carried bysaid units, meansoperated by said'gean to bodily move the axis of saicl;wings,and,a plural-.

ity :of gears engaging saidifirstr-mentioned gear on opposite sides-thereof adaptedrto-he selectively held from rotation to cause said first-mentioned. gearto rotate-Yin either di' motion: as it revolves with its-units tethereby bodily move; the axis of said-wings ataan inclination to, the axis, around which the same revolve;

10. In aflying; machine, the combination of aimainz supporting frame, a plurality of oppositely disposed wing supporting units on said frame, a plurality ofzwingscarried by said units, meansto rotate said units and revolve said wings, manually controlled means actuatediby said rotating units for changing the angle of inclination of. the axis of'saidywingsrelative tothe axis around which said wings revolve, comprising. means carried by the units adaptedto incline the axis of said win-gs, abeveled gear on said units for: operating said means,- asleeve fixed cated on said sleeveand adapted to engage port, thus changing,

said first-mentioned gear to rotate the same in opposite directions and manually controlled clutch mechanisms on said sleeve and adapted to engage either of said gears to prevent their rotation as the first-mentioned gear revolves with said units. I

11. In a flying machine, thecombination of a main frame, a plurality of sets of rotatable wing carrying units on said frame, Wings pivoted on said. units, means to revolve said units, including a rotated gear and automatically operating means to feather'the wings during a portion of their path of travel including a relatively stationary gear, a crank arm movable with said units and connected by a link to said wings and operated by a chain of gears from said relatively stationary gear whereby the suc cessive positions of said crank'arm are maintained parallel as the wings revolve during the operation of the mechanism.

12. In a flying machine, rotatable wing supports, wings carried by said supports, means to rotate said supports and means to sition of said their path of revolution comprising an arm carried by said wings, a link pivoted to said arm and connected to a crank, a gear on said support for controlling said crank, and a relatively stationary gear, said first-mentioned gear being controlled thereby and the as the support revolves, said first-mentioned gear and crank are maintained in substantially fixed relation to the axis of the suptween the crank andthe. Wings, the position of said wings as the same revolve.

wings and manually 'tate said relatively a plurality of,

automatically feather the powings during a portion of gear ratios .beingso proportioned that,

by the connection be- 13. In a flying machine, the combination of a main, supporting frame, a plurality of rotatable wing supports, wings pivoted on said supports,means to rock said wings as they revolve with said supports comprising a relatively stationary gear and a gear carriedby said support,a crank carried by said last-mentioned gear and connected by a link mechanism to said wings whereby whensaid support with thegear and crank carried.

thereby revolve, the engagement of the moving gear with the stationary gear causes the said gear to rotate and maintain the crank in parallel successive positions to rock the hence thegearlocated on said support to change the position of said crank and thereby change the point in the cycle of revolu- 'tion of said wings at which the sameare i rocked on their pivots as they revolve. 7

14. In a flying machine, the combination of a lifting, sustaining and propelling mechanism comprising-a plurality ofoppositely disposed rotatable units, wings carried by said units and adapted to rotate'therewith,

the. opposed sets of wings moving inopposite' directions, automatically operating mechanism for feathering the individual wings during a portion of their pathof revolution and means for adjusting said wings von their respective axes foreffecting an inclination of the individual wings to propel the machine horizontally while being lifted or sustained in air bysaid wings.

In witness whereof I have hereunto hand this 24th day of August, 1917.

' GEORGE 7H. 'LocUs'oN.

set my operated means to 1'01 stationary gear and 

